Korean and japanese cinema

IntroductionThe emergence of the Japanese film industry could be dated back to the year 1898 through the emergence of the silent films whereas the Korean film’s that the Koreans produced started since the year 1919 (Paquet, 2007)†¦ This essay would then focus on Korean directors’ usage of women to elicit political and social implications. Firstly, these depictions could intensify the changing roles of the women in Korean society and secondly, it could elicit reactions from both the female and male audience. In the hopes of further deepening these implications, a view on Japanese women would also be used as a comparison.Korean view on women in society and the Director’s perspective on leading ladiesFrom the Confucian ideal of a woman is depicted through the main role of women is to be prepared in becoming a wife and a mother (Paik, 1998). Nowadays, Korean women are entering the working sphere of the country whereas before it was limited to the male species. T he directors then would like to highlight the women in a movie especially when the societal changes are much concerned with the women of the society. These depictions could bring forth the reactions from both the female and male viewers.An example on the changing view of women’s role in society is through the film, ‘YMCA Yagudan’ or ‘YMCA Baseball Team’ where the leading lady’s character is depicted to be modernized and she had a major influence on the leading man.Japanese view on women in society and the implication on societal changes resembling the Koreans’ changes and the director’s depiction for these changesLike the Korean women, Japanese women are confined to what is known to be the private sphere. The duties then lie on the men’s shoulders to provide for the family. The Japanese view on women then gradually changed by using what is known to be the private sphere or domain where women belongs to a more public domain and become a way to see that the private sphere in the form of the household is matriarchal in nature (Friedman, 1992).It could be seen in the Japanese film, Hotaro no haka’ or ‘Grave of the Fireflies’ that the male main character had the burden to provide for his sister, the female main character. Nonetheless, the changing role on women in Japan then could be seen through the changes that the two siblings had to undergo in order to survive and breaking free from the usual connotation of the family structure would be a leeway for the changes to be realized (Jubei, 1995). In a way, both the sibling depicts the changes in societal perspectives by escaping the society imposition of what they ought to do. The sister along with the brother’s pride became the motivations in running away.ConclusionWhat could be inferred from all these claims is that the leading lady’s role in a film could be a way to see the social changes and the political stands. In a K orean film, it could elicit reactions from both the women and men. Another reason is that highlighting the women predicament in a film could make the audience see the societal changes in women’s role.ReferencesFriedman, S. (1992). Women in Japanese Society: Their changing Roles.  Ã‚   Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://www2.gol.com/users/friedman/writings/p1.htmlJubei, Y. S. (1995). Hotaro no Haka (Grave of the Fireflies).  Ã‚   Retrieved August 24, 2007, from http://www2.hawaii.edu/~dfukushi/Hotaru.htmlPaik, Y.-J. (1998). Women's Development and Information on Women in Korea.  Ã‚   Retrieved August 24, 2007, from http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla64/112-122e.htmPaquet, D. (2007). A Short History of Korean Film.  Ã‚   Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://www.koreanfilm.org/history.html

After the Battle

A jumble of limbs and skin, not that I knew it, I was just another fragment of the landscape, a surface of khaki and blood, surrounded the shore, clouded a dusky pink where a ship sat deserted and alone. Sand gatherings were sleek as they followed the wind and flustering specs as sharp as glass, were deciding where to settle, inspecting every body, join it for a while, but would soon be gone. Now my clothes are crusted with blood, a gunshot so neat can rip through your body; like a mole it burrow's within the depths of flesh, blood and bone, stopping at nothing to pass to the other side. A gunshot so destructive, can take no longer than a fraction of a millisecond, to puncture your heart, to suck the air from your lungs and leave the blood to empty your veins hour after hour. Hour after hour†¦its time to bleed. I could no longer feel the bitter sting of the burning sand on my open wounds, nor the suffocating inner walls of the tunnels, carved by a bullet, still seeping. All I could feel was a general ache, the fact that I'm still alive, seems inadequate. I feel like a tap that has been left on, drip, drip, waiting for my life, to be effortlessly, cut off. I could well be melting and the taste of the fluids dripping from my face is recognisable, I am drowning in my own blood, sweat and tears. Hesitating to open my eyes, I think of a rusty gate as the weight is so difficult to lift, secured with glue-like mucus, sharp and jagged in some places, my eyelids seem to be made of metal, brittle and disabled by age and rust. How long had I been here? Had I grown old in this battle? I feel altogether robotic, like a machine that had been broken, no longer a human but just another tool for those who are better than I am, either them or the person left in me gave me the strength to open my eyes, as that gateway is like lifting numerous tonnes of weight. But to my dismay all I saw were gashes of light that came to me like a stampede, the sand was on me and everywhere, each grain an annoying little bee, my eyes become a hive of little sand and blinding white, just being in existence. I sharply shut them again, I'm back in my own little world, but is that place really where I'm needed? Again, the shutter doors must open, the jagged edge is now broken, it seems a great weight off my mind when the entrance is clear, the gate is now satisfactory and lifts quite swiftly, I am free, freed into what? I'm stumped between a prison and a mass A and E. Everything around me is death, leads to death or inspires it. Ghoulish faces looked at me from all around, but with no expression. Their features lie beneath the murky layer of dust and dirt. One who was settled very close to me, has deep red stains all around his mouth and nose, it is visible to see the dried out tracks where blood had quickly escaped through his lips and nostrils, and even faint fingerprints where he must have rapidly checked the bleeding. He had been shot only once, in his neck, one move for one life and that touching of his face was likely to be the last move he ever made. His right hand lay on the sand, next to his neck, his fingertips too, tinted with his own blood. I suddenly realise that something was holding me up, I couldn't understand why I hadn't known this before, as it was far too close to my skin considering my vest, shirt and thick jacket, soon my awareness makes it somewhat painful. The sharp jagged material had formed a spear, and it took a moment to think about getting myself out of this awkward position. The gunshots in my leg and side were holding me back, but I had to use anything else I had in the world to push me away from this pain. †¦I can see my wife, that blinding white is now lighting up her big brown eyes, those same eyes that believed so much in me all that time ago, stand right before me as if they never left†¦ If this was all I had, it had to be enough to get me through this day; I must survive, if only for that. Stand up. I hesitantly move my boot soles onto to the flattest sand I can find, even now my leg is vibrating with pain, but I must go on. Stand up! Come on man! You are weak! You're no use to any of us down there! I won't ask you again boy! My knees unbend themselves and some miracle had led me to my feet, from where I immediately fall into the almost alight sand bed, it agitatedly buzzed around me, stinging and biting on any flesh available. But it was the distinct scream that will always haunt my mind, I didn't before this imagine I would ever fear my own voice, as it shattered the silence I lay hoping and praying it would not wake anybody up, I preferred to be alone. Or close to it, as my gaze now met that of another pair of eyes drained of all emotion. I looked at him, I wanted him to look unhappy, I wanted to feel sympathy, but it looked at me with pride, it had died in honour, it had done his duty, so nothing mattered. I reached out and gently pulled his eyelids over those misty eyes, and already began to miss him. I looked over him towards the admirable surroundings, where I always wanted to come, huge cliffs towered above me, crowned with beautiful plants, the vague outlines of which I saw swaying, almost dancing beneath the beautiful sunlight. The heat had done nothing but added to my pain, but the sky now glowed, its rich blue tones comforted me, I had done well, this I knew as I released my thoughts into the cloudless sky, where I stayed, 'til the end.

Accounting Theory Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research

The main aim of this report is to critically evaluate the article "Half a defence of positive   accounting research" by Dunmore (2010) in order to develop understanding in the area of   accounting research theory. On the basis of this article, positive   accounting research can be defined as a research which is used to successfully complete broader intellectual scientific research projects with the purpose to understand the cause and effect relationships in the world under a study (Dunmore, 2010). Positive   accounting is considered in this article as a research program, which is aimed to develop human behaviour's casual explanations in accounting settings. The report provides a summary of the article in terms of the main arguments including aim, overall findings, and its theoretical contribution and arguments. It also discusses the value of hypothesis and its relationship with the literature review. It also identifies and discusses the theoretical framework of the paper contributing to the research element. Moreover, it also presents the article's significance and limitations by discussing methodology used and research conclusion that is justified by the methodology, impact of the limitations on the article's significance, and findings. In last, it summarizes the main points by depicting the implications of the critique. The main aim of the article is to examine the ontology (system) and epistemology (philosophy) of a positive accounting research program. It is found from the article that the logic of statistical hypothesis testing while superficially correspondent to Popper's falsification criterion is not so strong. The main argument behind this is that falsification is not able to perform its normal function because many assumptions must come in the theoretical   anticipation and falsifying the anticipation does not explain which assumption is wrong (Dunmore, 2010). It means that the theory cannot actually be falsified. In addition, the author also found that although the potential of the broad positivist research program is strong enough, however it is lowered by insufficiencies in the practice. For instance, some common problems were identified including 'building casually theoretical models to be tested, excessive trust on the logic of hypothesis testing, a lack of interest in the parameters' numerical value, the use of theory as a way to examine qualitative data rather than testing of the explanations, and insufficient replication to justify assurance in accepted findings that affect the use of this program' (Dunmore, 2010). The researcher also argued that the current way of using positive research in accounting is not effective and it is largely incompetent to attain scientific objectives. But at the same time, the researcher also argued that the use of 'Kuhn's description of normal' science can be quite effective in the context of positive accounting research. Thus, it can be stated that this article significantly contributes in developing knowledge towards the effective utilization of positive research program in accounting studies so that better results can be produced and objectives can be attained. It can also be stated that it is essential to use specific models to test theories, better measurement, use of parameters, and extensive replication for designing effective quantitative positive research. As a part of intellectual research project, the author developed four hypothesis. The first hypothesis is   related with the presence of a world, which is independent to the people's imagination. It is because people do not develop them and therefore, events in such situations cannot be controlled by individuals. The second hypothesis is that in such a kind of world, events have causes, which are also a part of the world (Dunmore, 2010). It is the reason that events are not completely random as well as the results of intervention from the outside world. The third hypothesis is that there is potential for general people to attain fairly dependable and authentic information about events in the world through a careful observation. It also indicates to the importance of observation, which is mainly used for understanding the world and its causes as event. But at the same time, it is also possible that people can be wrong in their observations as observations are not completely disconne cted to the world. Lastly, the main purpose of intellectual research project is to use observation to develop knowledge about the world, mainly in the case of causation (Dunmore, 2010). Additional, individuals attempt mental models because these help in correctly mapping the casual processes that take place in the world. All these hypothesis are valuable because these provide a background to successfully conduct an intellectual enquiry. In addition, these are also valuable to prove different theories in the context of positive accounting research. In addition, the results of this article developed based on these hypothesis can be valuable to enhance the relevancy of positive accounting research. Moreover, in an intellectual research, it is also assumed that non worldly things such as gods and spirits cause an event in this world (Dunmore, 2010). But, concurrently, there is disagreement in relation to the thing that cause an event. Similarly, in this article, the role of human behaviour in the context of accounting research is discussed. The author is intended to resolve the issue that how the current practice of accounting research fails to meet the requirements to execute the research program in a successful manner. Through this article, the researcher is not affirming the truth of these hypothesis, but simply asking for a 'willing suspension of disbelief' to allow their discussion. It also indicates that these hypothesis are developed by the researcher on the basis of the literature review to clear the doubt about the truth in the context of positive accounting research. In addition, the author developed these hypothesis for this article in a tentative and conscious way by considering human experiences and value with the review of available literature. The literature review in this article is also supportive to provide sufficient proves in the context of falsification and hypothesis testing as well as the use of models and frameworks to ensure the proper utilization of positive accounting research (Dunmore, 2010). Overall, it can be stated that by developing knowledge regarding existing accounting research theories and models, literature review helps in building hypothesis for this enquiry. In this article, the author reviews the wider intellectual project in a brief manner with its system and philosophical assumptions to understand the significance as well as deficiencies of positive accounting research. The author used different theories to examine the importance and inadequacies of positive accounting research. For instance, the use of theory by Kuhn (1970) suggested that "positive research may be a paradigm which is optimal for solving accepted puzzles" (Dunmore, 2010). Concurrently, the example of positive accounting research also provides a theoretical framework for this article. For instance, through the views of Watts and Zimmerman (1978, 1986, 1990), Dunmore (2010) clarifies that the concept of "positive accounting theory" is more extensive than their particular theory. It encourages the author to find the ways that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of accounting research. In addition, the author also used a theoretical framework as 'fundamental model of rational self-interested human behaviour' suggested by Fukuyama (1995, p. 13) (Dunmore, 2010). It shows that human behaviour is not capable to defended in quantitative terms. Concurrently, it is evaluated that this model is correct about 80% of time. It is also the reason that behaviour in accounting context is examined by some accounting research without assuming rational behaviour. For example, judgements by the audit experts, use of discretion by the managers in performance evaluation systems, etc (Dunmore, 2010). At the same time, Popper's theory of falsification and hypothesis testing is also an important part of the theoretical framework of the chosen article. Scientific researchers involve the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data and Popper's criterion is helpful to understand the philosophy of science at all (Michael, 2015). The use of this theory is beneficial to perform positive accounting research in a scientific context. In this article, the criteria of falsification is applied to evaluate the possibility of developing falsified principles within the positive accounting research. As per the falsification criterion, a theory can only be scientific when the variables can be developed in terms of principles (Baruk, 2008). Moreover, audit-complexity and audit-fee are other parts of theoretical framework in this article, which are used to discuss the importance of measurement in comparison of the testing. In order to enhance the effectiveness of positive accounting research, it is essential to define and measure the concepts so that the testing can be made more reliable and valid (Mintz, 2013). In this article, through the use of principles and assumptions, normal science theory of Kuhn is discussed. This theory shows that to make sure about the presence of scientific nature in a theory, it is important to discuss common paradigm. Moreover, normal science theory states that success of each theory is not critical due to the importance of problem-solving science nature. This theory also promotes the organization of in-depth study with the adoption of a puzzle solving approach for conducting scientific enquiry (Biondi and Zambon, 2013). At the same time, this theory is considered in this article as an impo rtant way to identify the limitations of positive accounting research. On the basis of the review of the chosen article, some implications and limitations are identified. The key strength of the article is related to the method of data collection as it enabled the researcher to define different models and theories in the context of positive accounting research (Hoque, 2006). Moreover, it also supported the researcher to justify the arguments for deficiencies in the practice of current positive accounting research. In addition to this, the inclusion of literature from qualitative and quantitative research perspective, accounting, and auditing also enabled the author to design a suitable theoretical framework for this study (Dunmore, 2010). The use of Popper's criterion was also significant to learn about the process of hypothesis testing. Concurrently, the author also found this theory's limitation as it does not include any aspect to invent a new theory. The author also discussed the importance of creativity and imagination process to enhance the streng th of positive accounting research. The consideration of ontology and epistemology of positive research by discussing interpretive and inductive aspects as well as human behaviour, rational conduct, and normal science theory are also effective to enhance the validity of this article (Wolk, Dodd, and Rozycki, 2016). In addition, it can also be discussed that the author described the theoretical conclusions from the research. For instance, the author discussed that the example of positive research in accounting has no means exhaustive, but he effectively defined that the concept of positive accounting research is large enough than the theory. The author also concluded that 'any research aiming to understand the nature and causes of particular accounting phenomena, even if those causes lie in non-rational aspects of human psychology, qualifies as positive and scientific accounting research' (Dunmore, 2010). In their views, the accounting phenomena is caused by 'the operation of rational self-interest among parties who interact through express or implied contracts in various types of organization'. The author acknowledged the limitation of this theory as Dunmore (2010) clearly discussed in this article that Watts and Zimmerman's theoretical model does not draw appreciably all the areas of positive accounting research. But, at the same time, this theory is significant to make accounting choices by the managers of the company, reporting and pricing decisions by auditors, standard setting decisions by the politicians and regulators, and expert advice offered by the academics (Mattessich, 2007). Thus, it can be stated that the author provided effective theoretical conclusions from the research that are also justified by the methodology.   For example, the author provided recommendations in the article for quantitative positive research, which enhance the validity and reliability of the res earch outcomes. In order to summarize the above discussion, it can be concluded that this article includes adequate discussion of different models and theories, which are effective to develop knowledge regarding the positive accounting research. In addition, it can also be stated that the recommendations provided in this research are also effective to successfully complete a scientific quantitative research study.   In addition, the researchers can avoid insufficiencies such as building of theoretical model, lack of measurement, and hypothesis testing model in order to make sure about the success of accounting research. Baruk, I. (2008). Causality I. A Theory of Energy, Time and Space, Volume 2. Lulu.com. Biondi, Y. and Zambon, S. (2013). Accounting and Business Economics: Insights from National Traditions. UK: Routledge. Dunmore, P.V. (2010). Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Retrieved From: https://www.massey.ac.nz/~pvdunmor/HalfaDefence.pdf Hoque, Z. (2006). Methodological Issues in Accounting Research: Theories, Methods and Issues. Spiramus Press Ltd. Mattessich, R. (2007). Two Hundred Years of Accounting Research. UK: Routledge. Michael, M. (2015). Evolution by Natural Selection: Confidence, Evidence and the Gap. USA: CRC Press. Mintz, S. (2013). Accounting for the Public Interest: Perspectives on Accountability, Professionalism and Role in Society. Germany: Springer Science & Business Media. Wolk, H.I., Dodd, J. L., and Rozycki, J.J. (2016). Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. USA: SAGE Publications. End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from

History 101. Comparing facts and fiction in movies Essay

History 101. Comparing facts and fiction in movies - Essay Example Some of the main differences between the original Greek myth and the film is that based from the Greek myths, Zeus, Athena, Apollo, Hera, Aphrodite and Poseidon all played active roles in the Trojan War. In the movie it did not show the gods as existent or actively intervening. The impetus relationship between Paris and Helen making it catalyst for the entire war called the Judgment of Paris is not mentioned. In the movie, it seemed that the Trojan War only lasted for weeks when in fact it consumed 10 years of endless battles. Like any other historical tales and events such as Samson and Delilah or Cleopatra, the woman may be the cause of a man's demise. And if a man is too weak to resist the seductive advances of a woman, an entire nation can suffer same as what has been shown in the movie Troy. The huge army of the Persian Empire is sweeping across the globe, destroying every force that gets in their way. When Persian envoy arrives in Sparta offering King Leonidas power and control over all of Greece if only he will bow down to the wishes of the Persian King, Xerxes, the strong willed leader summons a small army comprised of his empire's best trained fighters and marches to battle. This act however futile is his way of saying that no Spartan King will bow down to foreign invaders. When King Leonidas together with his 300 Spartan men fell to the overpowering Persian army at the Battle of Thermopylae, the courageous actions of the noble fighters inspired all of Greece to defend their empire against their Persian adversary and wage the battle that would eventually give rise to the modern concept of democracy. In the actual Battle of Thermopylae, King Leonidas was joined by forces from other Greek city states having some 4,000 to 7,000 strong men under his command. 300 of those are Spartans being his personal bodyguards which was actually depicted in the movie. In the movie it was said that the downfall of King Leonidas is the betrayal Ephialtes of Trachis but in historical facts it is debated that it could be Onetas and Crydallus. One thing that can be learned from the movie is that no matter the odds, a man should know how to defend his people for the generations to come. In the quest to achieve this, only trusted and well-trained soldiers will ensure victory. Although there is strength in number but even a few but with stronger convictions can ensure success in some sense. References: (1) Pressfield, Steven. Gates of Fire: An Epic Novel of the Battle of Thermopylae. New York: Bantam Books. 2005. GLADIATOR The death of Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the hands of his murderous and ambitious son, Commodus caused great chaos in the entire Roman Empire. One of the Roman army's capable and trusted generals, General Maximus Decimus Meridius is also the Emperor's key advisor. Even to his death, Aurelius decided to appoint Maximus temporary leadership of the empire and the enraged Commodus. He ordered the execution of Maximus and sends off the Praetorian Guards to murder his wife and son. Maximus escapes his execution but was severely injured. He was then captured and enslaved along the out borders of the Roman Empire. However, Maximus rises through the ranks of the gladiator arena to

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Advertising and Promotion in UltraChromSpec (UCS) Term Paper

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Strategy management - Essay Example According to Yip, internationalization is driven by market, cost, government and competitive drivers, which influence the level of market competitiveness and success of globalization. In the telecommunication industry, globalization has become a major way of improving sales, market control and performance (Yip, Biscarri & Monti, 2000). Companies such as apple, Samsung and Nokia have entered markets in different parts of the globe including emerging and developed countries. Market driver remains the major motivation for globalization by most of these companies as it seeks to improve its presence, perception and performance in the market. Market drivers describe the needs and preferences of the customers, the existence of global demand among others (Lal & Strachan, 2007). Telecommunication industry is one of the most dynamic sector in which consumer loyalty is not assured and changes in taste and preferences affect the demand of different products. Within the telecommunication industry, products such as mobile phones, smartphones and computers perform based on how they satisfy the needs of the market. Companies such as Samsung and apple have upped the competition in the telecommunication industry, developing a strong market control as compared to other companies. The companies in demand in Africa, Asia and other parts of the world due to the strong consumer preference that has emerged due to the sleek designs and consumer centrality adopt Apple products. This has caused a need for these companies to enter into new markets and fill the void currently within the global market beat the strong competition (Yip, Biscarri & Monti, 2000). Cost drivers include the need to adopt scales economies, improved supply chain and exploitation of country specific cultural differences across the globe. To achieve the economies of scales, businesses cannot continue serving the national or domestic markets. As a result,

Tears of the Tiger Essay Example for Free

Tears of the Tiger Essay In Sharon Draper’s novel Tears of a Tiger various character deal with a particular challenge or obstacle. Andy Jackson face conflicts with other individuals, their societies, and themselves. Andy conflict with his father shows through out the story and is consistent. Mr.Jackson pressures Andy way too much which leads to arguments between them. â€Å"You seem to be doin’ a fine job of dreamin’ my dreams and planning my future. Maybe I don’t wanna be accepted to white folks† (Andy Page 153). Mr.Jackson pressures Andy a lot with school and keeping his grades up, so Andy can get into college and work in business administration. Andy does not want to do that with his life, it’s not his dream but his father’s dream for him. Mr.Jackson want Andy to have a bright future but does not consider his son feeling or what he wants to do with his future. Andy and Mr. Jackson arguments come from exception his father has for him. Racism in this story plays a pretty big role, Andy puts up with his teachers being racist and also with society. Mr.Jackson tells Andy how society works â€Å" But you must, That’s the only way to make it in this world to assimilate into the society in which we live in that’s why you must pull up your grades and improve your attitude.† Mr.Jackson tells Andy that he must work hard in life to be accepted by white people. He said that how society works. Andy does not like what his father is saying to him because it doesn’t bother him that black people are unimportant to white people. Andy feels white people look down on like his teachers do. Depression is a really consistent conflicts that Andy tries to deal with but struggles with it. Andy’s depression takes over him, he could not control it anymore because he couldn’t get over the death of Rob. In Andy’s Poem he tell how he really feels inside. â€Å" it’s dark where I am and cannot find the light. There are shadows all around me and my heart is full of fright†. The poem shows the state of mind in which he’s in. He feel that he has no one. The aloneness comes from him losing his best friend. Andy can’t think straight because he is so depression he doesn’t know what to do anymore he think he has no one to talk to be he does not realise that so many people are trying to him throught thing but Andy just doesn’t see it . The Depression is what makes Andy struggle with life.

What Works in Preventing Modern Slavery

What Works in Preventing Modern Slavery This essay focuses on Modern Slavery which covers human trafficking, slavery, forced labour and domestic slavery. It will concentrate on forced labour within the Modern Slavery Act 2015. It will outline what force labour means, review statistics that evidence the extent of the problem, and then make some recommendations to stop forced labour. According to International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2017) forced labour refers to the act of coercing or deceiving someone into working against their will. Victims of forced labour are often controlled by their ‘employers’ through various means such as threats, physical harm, confiscation of identity documents and the withholding of wages. Indirect force may be used such as retaining the documentation of the foreign nations to prevent them from returning to their native country. They go on to say that forced labour and human trafficking are modern forms of slavery and require attention. They are not identical within the legal system. Most situations of slavery and human trafficking are covered by their definition of forced labour. Children.gov.on.ca commented in a ‘Review of the Roots of Youth Violence’ paper that rational choice theory is based on the original opinions of classical criminology, which enables people to freely choose their behaviour and is motivated by the avoidance of pain and to search for pleasure. In terms of offending, rational choice suggests that offenders weigh the potential benefits and consequences associated with committing an offence. Rational choice focuses on the opportunity to commit crime and on how criminal choices are structured by the social environment and situational variables. The ILO reported in 2017, that there is an estimation of 40.3 million people in modern slavery. This includes 24.9 million in forced labour and 15.4 million who are in forced marriages. This means there are 5.4 victims of modern slavery to 1,000 people in the world. Roughly 10 million children are victims of modern slavery. Of the 24.9 million people who are trapped in forced labour, 16 million people are exploited as domestic work, construction or agriculture by the private sector, 4.8 million people are exploited within the sex world and 4 million people are forced labour by the state authorities. Below the charts in figure 1 and figure 2 shows the ILO’s Global estimates of modern slavery: including forced labour and forced marriage. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 protects people held for slavery or servitude and if they are forced into it or compulsory labour beyond their will. Also, human trafficking is covered by The Act, by making it an offence if anyone arranges and enables another person to travel, who is going to be exploited. This person can be either an adult or child. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 consolidates existing offences of human trafficking and slavery and encompasses trafficking for all forms of exploitation. This Act replaces offences of human trafficking arising under section 59A Sexual Offences Act 2003 and section 4 Asylum and Immigration Act 2004. The Act also replaces the offence of holding another person in slavery or servitude or requiring another person to perform forced or compulsory labour arising under section 71 Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (cps.gov.uk). This consolidation of existing regulations into a single statue is an important development in the UK because hopefully to improve the conviction rates current criminal offences in relation to slavery and trafficking and by increasing the maximum penalty to deter potential offenders. Tilley (2009) notes the general value of specific deterrence within a Direct Criminal Justice System (CJS) Approach points out that offenders are deterred from committing future crimes by the unpleasantness of punishment, by having harsher penalties and these seeing others being punished and will other individuals from committing crimes. The Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner Strategic Plan 2015–2017, was produced by the government in line with the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The Strategic Plan acknowledges the scale of the problem of modern slavery and makes practical recommendations to try to address the issues. Within the document the Home Office estimates in UK that there were between 10,000 – 13,000 potential victims of modern slavery in 2014. There is some improvement to identify possible victims, so they can be removed from exploitation and protect them from further harm and enable them to receive the right help they need. Those victims often suffer from varied physical and psychological health issues. Some are classed as serious problems from the direct results of exploitation they may have suffered. It is important to make the victims feel safe and secure and protect them from harm by getting them the support and care once they are removed from those who have been exploiting them. This is so they can be empowered to increase their long-term healing, strength, and regain into inclusive society and to rebuild their lives. The way forward for this to be achieved is to work with the Home Office, border control and health agencies across UK. Appropriate awareness raising, and training should be put in place and promoted regularly. They also need to regularly review the associated material is fit for purpose about helping the potential victims to access appropriate support and assistance. More work is necessary within the immigration, border control, trading standards, police, courts and prosecution. Additionally, training is required to highlight the potential signs of victims whether they are UK citizens or foreign citizens. If police and the community should be vigilant and aware that a property has barred windows or curtains are permanently drawn, this may be because victims of modern slavery are possibly being held there. This is done to prevent them from climbing out. Other indications could be if the letterbox sealed up, so it cannot be used and is there any sign of electricity attached to neighbouring properties or directly from power lines. If businesses are using people for forced labour then they may be wearing inappropriate clothing required for the job, have poor hygiene, be fearful or unwilling to engage with the public or other colleagues. The report outlines that modern slavery in the UK is a high profit and low risk crime. The reason for modern slavery is a high profit and low risk crime because human trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal enterprises. Criminal organizations are increasingly attracted to human trafficking because, unlike drugs, humans can be sold repeatedly. Human trafficking not only involves sex and labour, but people are also trafficked for organ harvesting. So criminal organisations can distance themselves easily from the victims by selling them on regularly. In 2014 the Home Office estimated that approximately 11,500 potential victims of modern slavery across UK. They also report there were just 2,340 potential victims reported to the National Referral Mechanism. The National Referral Mechanism  (NRM) is a framework for identifying victims of human trafficking or modern slavery and ensuring they receive the appropriate support. Very few modern slavery crimes come the attention of the police and criminal justice agencies and even fewer offenders are caught and convicted. The report estimates that 187 prosecutions involving human trafficking offences were flagged up by the Crown Prosecution Service in 2014-15 and 130 of those cases resulted in a successful conviction. However, data from Ministry of Justice showed only 39 convictions in 2014 from slavery and human trafficking offences as a principal offence. The discrepancy arguably indicates that the Crown Prosecution Service and Ministry of Justice are not working together effectively. The anti-slavery organisation highlights how the UK can challenge modern slavery. They state there are three areas to focus on. Firstly, in policing. Although modern slavery has become more visual it has been rising considerably over the past few years. Some cases are still turned away by the police because they are not believed, and those who has been forced into crime have been treated as criminals. Secondly, is identification. The referral system in use often only looks at victims of forced labour through their immigration status. This means people from outside the European Union are up to four times less likely to be recognised as victims of trafficking and are often deported rather than protected. Also, visa rules also prevent overseas  domestic workers from leaving abusive employers and seeking out new ones. This often leads them to suffer abuse in silence. Lastly, is protection. Protection and support for victims of trafficking is inconsistent, especially after all the gover nment cuts and cost-efficiency savings. The victims of forced labour who have survived and been rescued, have been in a safe house to recover but that is only for a limited time and they do not get long-term support even if they need it, so they can fully recover and get their lives back on track. They also state that the protection of children is also of great concern. A Child Guardianship scheme has been included in the Modern Slavery Act, but the full implementation of it is not scheduled until mid-2019. To help to prevent and reduce modern slavery, it would help to have a multi-agency team, which should include the police, health and social services, local authority, immigration, border control and trading standards. This is to be able to prevent other crimes committed within the modern slavery (forced labour) and crimes being committed by the victims of forced labour when trying to escape captivity. Organisations like health and social services, local authority, housing departments, voluntary organisations are available to support the police with supporting victims of modern slavery. Some voluntary organisations which are available includes refuge, shelter, NSPCC, Women’s Aid and translation organisations. These agencies can help victims to trust authorities that they are there to help and will not deport them back to their original country. Deportation will not be done for up to 90 days as the victims have access to ‘move-on’ support, such as ongoing accommodation, counselling, expert advice and advocacy before the final decision is made (Newton, gov.uk). They can then hopefully set up a peer group to be able to support others with their experiences with agreement to have a councillor on hand if people need to talk through things as and when needed. Other recommendations that possibly need to be in place are to have more border agency staff at ports and air ports to be able to check all vehicles arriving to stop illegal immigrants being brought in against their will or have paid the drivers to do so for a better life. More checks are needed on foreign national coming in with little money to support themselves. To disrupt criminal activity Tilley (2009) says there should be intelligence led policing to monitor and trace criminal organisations, and learn more about the offenders’ behaviour patterns. Also, when taken to court those drivers caught should be imposed with more severe fines because the fines are only  £2,000 per migrant (express, 2017). For people who employ illegal immigrants’ penalties should be more severe than they are. At the present the sentences are imprisonment for 5 years and pay a fine of up to  £20,000 for each illegal worker (gov.uk). Lastly, it is recommended that literature is published and advertised in different languages to help people what they need to do if they are victims or know someone who is possibly a victim of modern slavery (forced labour). In conclusion this essay focused on modern slavery and mainly forced labour. It has highlighted that people are still victims of modern slavery (forced labour) since the Modern Slavery Act 2015 came into force. Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the Strategic plan are positive steps, but more is needed to be done to address modern slavery, given the extent and complexity of the issue. For example, importantly more public awareness need to be advertised to know what modern slavery and forced labour is about and what signs to look out for and how to report their fears. Also, the sentencing for people convicted needs to be more severe, and more convictions are needed to highlight the crime and raise awareness for the public and make them aware something to there to prevent it. References Adu, A. 2017.  Lorry drivers receive record number of fines for bringing illegal immigrants into Britain.  Available: www.express.co.uk/news/uk/821265/migrant-crisis-lorry-drivers-fined-immigrants-sneak-UK-vehicles. Last accessed 26 November 2017. antislavery. 2017.  What is modern slavery?  Available: https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/. Last accessed 4 December 2017. CPS. 2017.  Human Trafficking, Smuggling and Slavery.  Available: http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/h_to_k/human_trafficking_and_smuggling/. Last accessed 19 December 2017. gov.uk. 2016.  Penalties for employing illegal workers.  Available: https://www.gov.uk/penalties-for-employing-illegal-workers. Last accessed 26 November 2017 Hyland, K. 2015.  Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner Strategic Plan 2015–2017.  Available: http://www.antislaverycommissioner.co.uk/media/1075/iasc_strategicplan_2015.pdf. Last accessed 29 November 2017. Hyland, K. 2017.  Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner: Annual Report 2016 2017.  Available: http://www.antislaverycommissioner.co.uk/media/1164/iasc_annual-report-16-17-web.pdf. Last accessed 4 December 2017. International Labour Organisation and Walk Free Foundation. 2017.  Global estimates of modern slavery: forced labour and forced marriage.  Available: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_575479.pdf. Last accessed 16 December 2017. International Labour Organization (ILO). 2014.  The meanings of Forced Labour.  Available: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/news/WCMS_237569/langen/index.htm. Last accessed 2 December 2017. Myers, N. 2016.  Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews Volume 5, Chapter 3:  Available: http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/professionals/oyap/roots/volume5/chapter03_rational_choice.aspx. Last accessed 6 January 2018. Newton, S. 2016.  Modern slavery victims to receive longer period of. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/modern-slavery-victims-to-receive-longer-period-of-support. Last accessed 28 December 2017 The Modern Slavery Act 2015

Holistic Treatment of ADD/ADHD :: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Holistic Treatment of ADD/ADHD Dear Mrs. Smith: I’m writing this letter to you because I am concerned about your daughter. Jane is often staring out the window and runs to it to get a closer look at the â€Å"cool† animal or insect. She often yells out the answer or â€Å"butts† in front of the other students because she can’t wait her turn like the other students. The hardest thing I’m dealing with is that Jane is constantly talking out-loud, fidgeting with her toys, and also she never sits still. I am concerned about her and I would like to have a conference with you to discuss having Jane tested for attention-deficit disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. This may not be the case, but I would just like to figure out why she is falling behind the other students. Please feel free to call me anytime to set up this appointment my number is 555-1234. Thank you, Mrs. Johnson October 20, 2000 This letter represents the type sent by teachers to many parents about children who are thought to have ADD/ADHD. Attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, most commonly known as ADD and ADHD, are neurobiological disorders that are most common among children; however, they are not unheard of in adults. An internet article entitled â€Å"Understanding and Identifying Children with ADHD: First Steps to Effective Intervention† put out by the US Department of Education cites several different causes of ADHD â€Å"such as pregnancy and birth, illness, lead poisoning, injury and prenatal drug exposure.† Children who have been diagnosed with ADD or ADHD have trouble paying attention, are often hyperactive, and act on impulse. Although drug treatment is the most common antidote to ADD/ADHD, a combination of diet, behavior intervention and medication is the best antidote for ADD/ADHD. Diet, although often overlooked, is extremely effective in combating or lessening the effects of ADD/ADHD. James B. Lavalle discussed the problem of a person having poor nutrition as a possible cause of ADD/ADHD in his article â€Å"Emotional, Nutritional Issues Offer Treatment Insight† that was published in Drug Store News. He writes, â€Å"It seems plausible that several nutrient depletions and food intake issues can be linked to possible causes of ADD and ADHD.† Because of a link between poor nutrition and ADD, there can be a reversal by integrating proper nutrition to a person with ADD/ADHD. This addition can, with a combination of behavior interventions and medication, help stop the signs of ADD/ADHD.

Weber Essay -- essays research papers

Max Weber was the first to observe and write on bureaucracies which developed in Germany during the 19th century. He considered them to be efficient, rational and honest, a big improvement over the haphazard administration that they replaced. The German government was better developed than that in the United States and Britain and was nearly equal to that of France. Weber saw that modern officialdom functioned according to six principles: (1) Fixed and official jurisdictional areas which are ordered by rules, that is laws and administrative regulations. (2) Hierarchy and levels of graded authority where the lower offices are supervised by the higher ones. (3) Management is based on official documents (the files). (4) The officials have thorough and expert training. (5) It requires the full time work of the official. (6) Management follows rules. While these principles seem obvious today, German government agencies were pioneering modern administration to replace practices dating back to the Middle Ages owing loyalty to the king, dukes and the church. From the perspective of the official, Weber observed that office holding is a "vocation," that is it is a calling requiring a prescribed course of training for a long period of time and having examinations which are a prerequisite for employment. He is to be loyal to the office he holds, not to a patron. By virtue of his position, the official enjoys high social esteem. (Weber notes that this is especially weak in th...

Charles Dickens - Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

The portrayal of society in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is that of a symbol of contemporary British civilization, with Miss Havisham representing the epitome of such. By utilizing this particular character as the conduit between social body and physical body, the author successfully blends together the kinship inherent to these aspects of British life. Miss Havisham is instrumental in establishing the link between the traditional Victorian society and the manner in which women finally gained significant changes in their investments. The economic health of society at the time of Great Expectations can easily be determined by the manner in which Miss Havisham’s personal history of poor investment strategy reflects the community’s somewhat fragile situation. Also pertinent to the social aspect of Dickens’ Great Expectations is the relationship between younger and older generations, as effectively portrayed between Miss Havisham and eight-year-old Philip Pirrip. Upon meeting this rather outrageous representation of womanhood, the boy – in a child’s infinite innocence – he is compelled to separate himself from what he deems is a strange and unusual existence of alcohol. To him, the rotting barrels that once housed unlimited supplies of beer were symbolic of how he viewed Miss Havisham, a fermentative essence that had long since dried up from disuse and moribund old age. In comprising these thoughts, the young boy was left with the conclusion that such descriptive characterization is both frightening and hostile, choosing to abide by his inner instinct and institute avoidance. "Better not try to brew beer there now, or it would turn out sour, boy; don't you think so?" "It looks like it, miss." "Not that anybody means to try," she added, "for that's all done with, and the place will stand as idle as it is, till it falls. As to strong beer, there's enough of it in the cellars already, to drown the Manor House" (Dickens PG). Clearly representative of an impoverished society is that of Miss Havisham’s forsaken brewery, left in its decaying state with barrels and their â€Å"sour remembrance of better days† (Dickens PG). Indeed, the decrepit condition of the brewery is indicative of a more affluent class of social acceptance that once existed, only to ultimately give way to the likes of Miss Havisham’s degraded reality. The life that has left the brewery can be equated to the life that has been lost from society, as Miss Havisham has led an existence rife with humiliation, deception and heartache.

Gross Negligence Manslaughter Essay

â€Å"In our judgement the law is clear. The ingredients of the offence have been clearly defined, and the principles decided in the House of Lords in Adomako . They involve no uncertainty. The hypothetical citizen, seeking to know his his position, would be advised that, assuming he owed a duty of care to the deceased which he had negligently broken, and that death resulted, he would be liable to conviction for manslaughter if, on the available evidence, the jury was satisfied that his negligence was gross. â€Å" Per Judge LJ R. v. Misra and Srivastava [2004] EWCA Crim 2375 para 64 (in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division) In light of the above comments, consider the elements of the offence of Gross Negligence Manslaughter and, referring to relevant authority, critically assess whether the current law in this area is certain and satisfactory. This paper is going to consider elements of the offence of Gross Negligence Manslaughter and will assess, whether the current law in this area is certain and satisfactory. In order to discuss whether the law governing Gross Negligence Manslaughter is in a certain and satisfactory state, I need to first consider its elements and then look at the current law, outlining the problems, and lastly discuss the proposed changes. Gross negligence manslaughter is a form of involuntary manslaughter where the defendant is apparently acting lawfully. Involuntary manslaughter may arise where the defendant has caused death but neither intended to cause it nor intended to cause serious bodily harm and therefore lacks the mens rea of murder. Whereas constructive manslaughter happens where the defendant commits an unlawful act which results in death, gross negligence manslaughter does not depend on representing an unlawful act has been committed. It can be said to apply where the defendant commits a lawful act in such a way as to render the actions criminal. Gross negligence manslaughter also differs from constructive manslaughter in that it can be committed by omission. The leading authority for gross negligence manslaughter is decision of the House of Lords in Adomako (1994) , where doctor Adomako’s actions of negligence caused his patient’s death. It was decided by Lord Mackay, that liability for this type of manslaughter arises where the jury decides that â€Å"Having regard to the risk of death involved, the conduct of the defendant was as bad in all the circumstances as to amount in their judgement to a criminal act or omission† In Adomako, House of Lords decided that gross negligence test is correct to use in all cases where duty of care has been broken. According to Adomako case, the following elements are considered to be a form of this involuntary manslaughter: the existence of a duty of care, breach of that duty resulting in death and gross negligence which the jury consider justifies criminal conviction. I will now study the first element of the gross negligence manslaughter offence which is duty of care. The criminal law recognise certain duty situations, Adomako itself involved a breach of duty owed by a hospital anaesthetic towards a patient (under a contract of employment). The requirement of a duty of care is fundamentally a civil law concept found in the law of tort. (Wacker [2003]). D owes a duty of care not to injure anyone whom he or she could reasonably foreseeably injure. Applying that to this context, there is a duty of care if there was a risk that an act or omission of the defendant might kill the victim. As it is a legal concept, it is for the judge to decide whether a set of facts gave rise to a duty of care. When bearing in mind the Adomako, the House of Lords approved the case of Stone v Dobinson (1977), in which D had undertaken a duty of care. The Miller principle, in turn, was used as the basis of the duty in the recent gross negligence manslaughter of Evans (2009), which decided that a duty may be imposed on those who ‘create or contribute to â€Å"life threatening situation†.. Alan Lidbury, in his book Criminal Law, asks the following question ‘so is the ambit of the offence limited to those who, for whatever reason, have either undertaken or had a duty imposed upon them or should it be wider ’’? Lord Mackay LC, when considering the case of Adomako, said that ‘’the ordinary principles of law of negligence apply to ascertain whether or not D has been in breach of a duty of care towards the victim’’. By looking at the above statement, it is clear that those same principles should apply in determining these people to whom a duty of care is owed. These principles can be found in the leading negligence case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). In this case, Lord Atkin in the House of Lords said you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour (†¦) persons who are closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called into question’’. It can be argued that this goes much further than the traditional duty situations. If this examination is correct, then this form of manslaughter has certainly a very wide scope. Nevertheless, the principles of criminal and civil law do not always go well together. This is demonstrated by the case of Wacker (2003), which involved the bodies of 58 illegal immigrants and two survivors which were found in a lorry at Dover. The D was convicted of 58 counts of manslaughter by gross negligence and appealed. He argued that because the illegal immigrants had shared the same purpose as him (gain access to the UK), he did not owe them a duty of care. This argument was rejected by Court of Appeal on the grounds that the public policy issues relating to civil law were different to criminal law and even where there was an fundamental unlawful purpose, he did not prevent criminal responsibility arising. The above case was followed by Willoughby (2004), where the court decided that D, as participant in a joint enterprise, owed the other participant a duty of care. The next element of gross negligence manslaughter which needs to be examined is a breach of duty of care. The ordinary law of negligence applies to these cases, in that those with an established duty of care, must act as a â€Å"reasonable person would do in their position†. If they fail to do so they breach that duty. This is called an objective test and will be grounded upon defendant’s situation at the time of the breach. Thus, if the defendant’s actions were within the range of what was commonly accepted as being the standard practice, it will be problematic to describe such behaviour as falling far below the standard of a reasonable person in his position. An unqualified person is not to be judged at a lower standard than a qualified person. Hence the absence of skill will not be a defence if the conduct is considered negligent. If however, the defendant has precise skills and knowledge of a danger that the reasonable person would not have, his actions should be judged in the light of those skills or knowledge. This test is an objective test. In the case of R v DPP ex parte Jones (2000) it was decided that no matter whether the defendant did not escalate the risk (the predictable risk of death) only that the risk would have been obvious to a reasonable person in the defendant’s position. The third and last element to consider is gross negligence. Just demonstrating that D has been in breach of a duty to another person and caused that person’s death will certainly not lead to liability for gross negligence manslaughter. There is something more necessary. In Adomako, the House of Lords confirmed that the correct test for this additional component was ‘‘gross negligence’’. This established a line of case law dating back to Bateman (1925), which as well as Adomako, involved negligent treatment by a doctor which caused patient to die. In this cases, it was explained by Lord Hewart LCJ that in order to establish criminal liability for gross negligence ‘the negligence of the accused went beyond a mere matter of compensation between subjects and showed such disregard for the life and safety of others as to amount to a crime against the state and conduct deserving punishment’’. This passage may be criticised for being somewhat imprecise, it tells the jury to convict if they think that D’s negligence was bad enough to amount to the misconduct. Nevertheless, the Bateman test received approval from the House of Lords in Andrews v DPP (1937), which involved death by extremely negligent driving. The Bateman case has also been approved in Adomako, where Lord Mackay LC stated that it was for the jury to ‘’consider whether the extent to which D’s conduct departed from the proper standard of care incumbent on him (†¦) was such that it should be judged criminal â€Å". Lord Mackay acknowledged that the test â€Å"involves an element of circularity† but was adamant that the matter had to be left to the jury. In Andrews, Lord Atkins at least offered some direction on exactly how ‘bad’ D’s negligence has to be. He said that ‘a very high degree of negligence is required to be proved’. Mere inattention by D would never suffice for criminal liability, D must have had a ‘criminal disregard’ for ‘others’ safety or the grossest unawareness or the most criminal inattention. In Mistra v Srivastava (2004), Court of Appeal held that the components of gross negligence manslaughter involved no vagueness which offended against Article 7 of the European Convention of Human Rights, which provides that â€Å"no one shall be guilty of any criminal offence on the basis of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed (†¦)† It had been argued that the application of the ECHR into British law via Human Rights Act 1998 meant that the principles set in Adomako were no longer a good law. The disagreement was put for the appellants that condition leaves it to the jury to decide a query of law, specifically whether the negligence initiating death amounted to gross negligence and so created a crime. To leave this assessment to be accomplished by different juries at each individual trial affords too little direction to those who owe duties of care. This absence of precision is compounded by indirectness: gross negligence manslaughter is any killing in breach of duty found to be grossly negligent. The disagreement failed. The court did not reflect that the jury had a law-making role when determining, on the facts demonstrated, whether D was guilty of manslaughter on the basis of a negligent breach of burden owed to victim. Whether the negligence was effectively bad as to be â€Å"gross† negligence was a matter of fact. If the jury made a conclusion to this effect, a decision of guilty would follow inevitably on the basis of the conclusion; the verdict of guilt was not something complementary to the outcome. The jury were merely finding facts within the boundaries of a legal standard, and the legal standard was reasonably clear to please the necessities of Article 7. On the face of it, the Article 7 dispute had particular strength. If someone remained to request, say, in what situations would D be said to have â€Å"murdered† V, we could tell our inquirer that, all other things comparable, D murders V if he causes V’s death with intent to kill or to cause really serious bodily harm. If there is time and patience, we could go on and tell him about the history of the courts and the sense of intent, the notions of the law of provocation, etc. But if, sensibly, we restrain ourselves to a simple explanation of the offence, we have specified sufficient proof to allow any person of ordinary personality to stay clear of the rules of the law of homicide. So far if we were enquired by D, a young medic at the beginning of her profession, what she must do if she is not to be sentenced for manslaughter, the discussion would unavoidably be longer. For instance, she might ask what would be her situation if, throughout the path of a widespread of infection, she misdiagnosed V’s meningitis as a case of flu, a fault which leads to the decease of victim. She might additionally ask whether her inexperience and any fatigue from overtask would be factors in her support, or whether it would be applicable if she was seeing many cases of flu at the period which presented signs comparable to those experienced by victim. Undoubtedly we could offer support implied in general terms, but to offer anything impending adequate direction we would need to talk to an experienced and qualified medical consultant to catch some logic of how bad a fault it is to cloud flu with meningitis. Coming to conclusion, the fact of the matter is that if a legal system in the common law practise is to avoid unnecessary particularity in criminal guideline, for many offences it must use, as definitional features, evaluative principles of substantial generality. Regularly, the most the law will say are things like, â€Å"if you drive a car, drive with due care and attention, if you take and retain someone else’s property, and make sure you are acting honestly. Numerous of additional samples could be specified. Wherever the jury is given the concluding say on whether D has failed to encounter such a standard, its task is observed, juridical, as concerning an outcome of fact rather than a judgment of law. Much would be vanished if violations reliant on on such outcomes were to be eliminated from the law. Regrettably, one price to be paid is that individuals matter to laws drafted in this way can only be assumed with comprehensive, â€Å"ball park† advice as to the conditions where they can misbehave against such laws. That seems to be satisfactory to please the necessities of Article 7.

A Speech by a Human Resource Manager Essay

1. What roles the HR function has been playing in the company? The human resource management has been playing an indispensable role in this bank. From the case we can find out the HRM includes many functions: (1) Recruiting the right person for the right job at the right post. (2) By constituting and implementing policies, accessing and monitoring the employees’ performances. (3) Helping design training programs that support employees continuously improve. (4) Assisting organizational members in how to work effectively (E.g., team building). Aiming to increase increases the level of performance, productivity and also improves the quality of the product and service. (5) Making the employees satisfied with high quality of work life. Giving them equal chance to realize their potential and fulfill their career dreams. (6) Supporting the organization achieve its strategic goal. 2. How would you describe the HR management practices the company is implementing? Can they be transferred to the other Nepali organizations? The company is implementing the various HR management practices. It holds a weekly meeting to discuss day-to-day activities to achieve the organizational goal easily. Through the Internet access to the HR system the company has been able to reduce its recruiting cost by more than 33 percent. They implemented a detailed policy on employee monitoring keeping informed on employee activities. They also enlightened each employee of this organization of this policy. They also helped design training programs that support senior manager’s continuous improvement program. The manager also emphasizes on teamwork and adaptability to change. I think some of these practices can be transferred to the other Nepali organizations. Because many companies only focus on productivity and profit, but ignore the resource of human that created the wealth. So how to use this resource efficiently is a big issue for an organization. The practices of this successful bank can be used for reference. However, in accordance with its own circumstance, the policy and the practices can be implemented properly. 3. What are the major HR challenges/issues facing the company? Do other organizations face similar challenges? How they can be addressed? –The major challenge identified in this company is the changing environment. As said by the manager that organizations have evolved tremendously over the past decade and change is no longer something that occurs in a controlled fashion. So the important thing is to learn how to become more flexible in dealing with the changes that will arise and taking active roles in the management. The vice president plans to retrain the human resource in terms of effective managerial skills and competencies such as project management and team building. –Second, the sophisticated technology that makes jobs getting more complex and requires significant interaction is a challenge as well. The manager should ensure that they have the right people for those jobs, which in most cases, will require then to continuously train and upgrade their employees’ skills. –Diversity among the staffs is another challenge for them. All employees are not alike either in skill level or in their backgrounds. Thus the company needs to recognize and respect differences in people so that it can capitalize on their strengths they bring to them. No doubt other organizations will also face the similar challenges. However, respecting people and retraining the employees are the basic solutions to these challenges.

Jenny Saville and Lucien Freud

Jenny Saville and Lucien Freud share the same subject matter i. e. the human form however both have very different approaches to recording their observations and ideas and it’s an approach that I’ve become accustomed to because I like it as it allows absolute freedom in artistic expression. Saville produces large-scale pieces of work and uses impasto in a similar way to Freud however notably less thick and blockier. She chooses to work in such a way as she wanted ‘people to know what it is they're looking at. But at the same time, the closer they get to the painting; it's like going back into childhood. And it's like an abstract piece†¦ it becomes the landscape of the brush marks rather than just sort of an intellectual landscape’ this way of working is prominent in the painting ‘Rosetta 2’. The formidable scales of the paintings are awe-inspiring and really capture the eyes of the viewer. Using oils, she makes highly pigmented work, employing a gorgeous palette that conveys the effect of creamy, liquid skin poured directly onto the canvas. The brushwork is very dynamic and aesthetically pleasing; the skin has a rich look to it. The subdued colour range of blues, greys and muted pink create a bleaker natural form. The best of Jenny Savilles work in my opinion would be her series of photographs with Glen Luchford the fashion photographer. Produced in 1995, the collaboration produces some exciting and bizarrely beautiful work. Commenting on the work and her intentions she says ‘the boundary of our bodies, which we presume is so fixed and can only exist in that certain area, can be extended so far. This movement, malleability of flesh, I started to think about that quite a lot’. ‘Closed Contact no. 4, fig (vi)’ Photographed from an elevated angle through a glass plate, shows Saville contorting her body whilst pressed up against Plexiglas. The piece definitely is appropriate to her intentions as she manages to distort her body enough so that we have no clear visual point of reference; there are no â€Å"boundaries†. I appreciate this image because she has abstracted herself and pushed her body to extremes also its very different from her paintings there are no definitive lines instead folds of flesh frame the image that is what I like most. One aspect that differentiates both artists’ similar styles is Savilles expression of anger; her work from the turn of the millennium onwards explores more violent themes and showcases brilliant reds and blues slashing through her figures. Her work is overtly violent were Freuds is more muted. Evidence of her violent expression is in the painting Witness fig (vii), it is a very bleak portrayal of the human form that commands a reaction. I like the harsh and unforgiving light created by the varying toes of purple and red. Freud said, â€Å"The longer you look at an object, the more abstract it becomes, and, ironically, the more real. † This principle is prominent throughout his work and his 1985 self-portrait best embodies his saying. In the portrait the face appears distorted, yet the intensity of what the artist is trying to convey remains in every thick stroke and restores the reality of it. His work is unquestionably more abstract as he plays with the true tone of the subject and the strokes appear wilder, blockier but ultimately freer. There is a level of realism achieved in this piece that surpasses his earlier work. The self- portrait captures a powerful aura one that can only be achieved through careful observation and not working from photographs and fretting over accuracy. I like how the segments of slightly different colours come to form an exciting image. A piece of work I really like of Freuds is his portrait of the queen some hated it for its brutal depiction of Queen Elizabeth II but I like it for the level of emotion he manages to capture in this one painting. For me what makes the portrait is the inner struggle to supress a smile. For the Queen to have her portrait forever show the containment of personal laughter is an historic way for her to mark the new millennium. I like it also because it shows his integrity as an artist, he favours no one and he painted the ageing Queen as ruthlessly as he had painted his ageing self. Freud’s application remains very thick like in most of his work, which I like as it adds age and wisdom to the face. Freud’s best-known work ‘Benefits Supervisor Sleeping’ it is a piece which truly fascinates. When compared to photographs of what the model looks like in reality we can see he’s obviously played with it. He did so â€Å"since the painting is going to be there on its own, it is of no interest whether it is an accurate copy of the model† he ages the model and somehow made her more obese and splotchy. Both Freud and Saville fail to omit bruises and calluses and visible veins, they don’t idealise the body but show it for what it is complete with overtly sexual overtones I’ve chosen to look at the work of Freud and Saville because I enjoy their work as well as I like the way in which they use paint. They look at the human form objectively, removing the humanity. This is an approach to painting and drawing from life that I’d like to develop in my own work.

The New System Proposal: Riordan Cloud System

We would like to propose a Ordain Cloud system service that will maintain all of your training courses, software update, running diagnostics for Routine systems checks. For long as we all know it will be a lot easier for communication within the organization. What is the Cloud System Service? You can think of portable work station because of the fact you can access is on the World Wide Web or some kind of Wi-If or link. It's continuously available to all users anytime and anywhere on an Internet connection is that allows you to quickly find ATA, information, applications and tools to help you do your Job more efficiently.This cloud system service will allow your company to install from any access point to another access point on your cloud system service site to conduct training with your employees at any time necessary. This new cloud system service will incorporate all of the items that you already have in the work place. The only foreseeable problems will be, having hackers more f requently trying to breech into the system in order to gather information or account details. So as needed to upgrade your servers to the overload of to New System Proposal Page 2 handle the increased workload on them as well upgrading your systems or infrastructure.To make sure no mishaps will happen. Which large portion of your company's resources is making sure that everything and all your systems are install and having the right software updates. And this will be an added savings in being able to store more applications, software, and all need data entry forms for the company and everything else. That is the most important resources that the company needs to have a vast infrastructure. Your Cloud system is going to be a high asset for your business. How do you meet the major demands for speeds and agility while keeping most of the costs down.Build on the foundation of your Cloud system with technologies that increase its responsiveness, support, scaling, deployment of applicatio ns faster, and enable you to identify insights in your rapidly expanding volumes of data. This provides scaling, performance, infrastructure provisioning, power consumption, and security features you need to power your cloud. After all learning material that is needed for the cloud system service, we are guaranteeing that this will go above and beyond all requirements necessary for the true of your company.For the numbers and costs wise, are biggest factors to your the old type of systems. Using this cloud system service will drastically reduce all or any of those numbers and start to raise your workload and performance to achieve the upped most scholar awards to further the best interest for your company. Also will intended to get your company goes into a path off new direction on to newer technology and New System Proposal Page 3 developments to be a vast company.One thing that we trying to accomplish here is when designing this new cloud system service is to have but more and mor e people o the fact numbers and start to raise your workload and performance to achieve the upped most scholar awards to further the best interest for your company. Also will intended to get your company goes into a path of a new direction on to newer technology and developments to be a vast company. One thing that we trying to accomplish here is when designing this new cloud system service is to have but more and more people to the fact that were going to be more portable and on the go.To have a infrastructure is to reciprocate its time for the future to catch up to what we need our company to be. This will be your front line for your workers to have a larger and more accurate objective on when getting work done to they're co- workers liking. For those you whom need the more advance technology to have an in depth training on the systems. This cloud system service will be help accomplish new means of the computer based applications by being more accessible to more people. Then will it get used to it and then which will intend on the patent it or copyright it. Which can increase more Jobs and more revenue in the company.Also will get people more familiar with the yester to expand the infrastructure of the company to see how the company uses the cloud system service to make sure everyone does what there suppose to be doing. We want to have a set up so that you will be more advanced with a technology that hasn't been brought to New System Proposal Page 4 any other company to build a strong and reliable infrastructure to get more business and help no another has success. The application itself will ensure that the employee has understood these system and is ready to implement it to the work the is required by them.And also to make sure that the employees who view it retains he information system. This will also allow the company to reorganize or completely change the lessons in a way Those who need it more easily understand that. I can see that you're going to be asking you, well what about security concerns with the new system. This is why your system will be a will have to update and maximize your infrastructure and server's. The only way to gain access to the cloud system service is to log into your company's Internet service. This is the most secure way without any new procedures and for no reason to install or get a new system.Our first and only goal is ensure that everyone is receiving the training they need and to maintain the vast infrastructure that were trying to imply here to make you the best of all the up keeping that system and gathering all information that goes with it. They will be required to log in with their surname and password that will be set to expire every 90 days. This will prevent any login information from being intercepted by the certain one that is trying to get into the system from the backbone. This will intend to add a fail-safe in which there is an unlikely event that the network is improvised and not detect ed.Then your information will only be available for a limited time before the access is or will be denied by the 90-day change. Also there could be a employee badge to enable to login with using a Pin code or even a thumbprint to ensure New System Proposal Page 5 meets security measures and allow gain access to the server room in which where the cloud server is maintain and located at. The main benefits that are going to be available from this is that were going to be on you own private cloud system everything in maintained in house. Everything that theIT department is going to is strong have reliable infrastructures to make sure every issues can be heavily resourced. As its usage can slowly run all servers running on the same node. With a lack of ease from having a scalable upgraded or downgrading a server will involve manual procedures, which are all fully automated the cloud. They're going to update and provide a sense of readiness to this new environment to help us maintain a go od relation with no one getting inside of the private cloud system that we are prospered to you today.Some are simply ways of doing tasks, which could be accomplished, usually less well, by other means but most cases, the system could not otherwise be accomplished at all. , whereby using the private key, known only, encrypts data to the owning user. It can only be decrypted using the corresponding personal that can only be the IT department. We will not Just make this system available to anybody or by a trusted infrastructure, which enables and supports this. The crucial fact to bear in mind is that if anyone or any person Just walks into the infrastructure has an importance to the system to make sure no one gains access to system.Page 6 Now that we know what the benefits are of using a private infrastructure, let take a look back at our previous statement to where we stated about using the employee's badge as to authenticate the device or a smart card as you will. You may be asking yourself, why go through all the extra trouble of using a smart card or the employee's badge to login into this cloud system to help us to see that it's all done by in house by your people and there eyes-only. Using the private cloud system it will help to ensure that your network and files stay safe and secure from public infrastructure.As far as omen most of the concerns go, this new system will help with the environment. Since we could reuse your current infrastructure this will reduce the amount of waste from older systems being trashed or deleted.. But were are going to have to have an updated servers, sows can't take them and re-use them in our new infrastructure but we may ask you to upgrade your Ethernet. The benefits of having this TO Ethernet cable are many. But more off larger scale that needs to incorporate a vast ton of data and information onto your network so that data may be shared and utilized in real time or over a large distance from the rivers.We feel that this will help your company. From allowing it to use your cloud system service as a system to maintain itself and make sure its working properly with the infrastructure holding a strong common ground to materials. One of the many benefits of the TO Ethernet cable is that there are over a vast number of dedicated channels devoted to the network at all times which allows for a 45 Mbps. This is which it wills allows all page 7 of the your files will rapidly move from one section of the organization to the other at an amorous speed.The distance of sending and receiving files applications a numerous amounts of data at which intend will no longer be a problem with these kinds of speeds. This will allow the company workers and co- workers to converse between each other in case something goes wrong or they see a breech in the mainframe. The only way that there is a drawback to this is the type of network is that if it goes down there will is by utilizing the this is self-explanatory but in the e nd your mind will be blown away from everything that involved with it your company will be a priceless because you will save so much time and money.With the server you will be blown away from everything that involved with it your company will be a priceless because you will save so much time and money. With the server you can have an piece of equipment with the ability the have these upgraded servers it holds a strong shield around the company from having a someone Just coming in the network Just to take useful and important information. There are many options on going to have this cloud system service go from having a the cloud system storage, cloud backup data systems, management system.These systems are one of many that we can also do for the reasoning for that we're trying to indorse here. With these many options we can build your company to more advancement to make it more marketable. Page 8 This will prove invaluable to your company since there will be no need to physically ha ve your employee's, to tell or let other know about problems in the interface dealing with the cloud system in which it will tell everything that going on. This one feature alone could prove the worth in the entire investment, as we are sure you already know.Besides the lack of productivity among employees on assignment from the older systems where trying to market here a change in today world of working everything from one big infrastructure then Just having many employee's that can do this Just as there daily Job. This would allow the your company's assets to be better maintained in the same amount of work or even proven fact of 50% more workload and instead of less down time. The second available option is a Bonded TTL infrastructure.This is a system where you can your infrastructure going to any location at the rate mobs per line thus we can have the option can the maximum of iambs. There are advantages and only one disadvantage with this infrastructure that we will go over. The cost is compared too fractional of the TO infrastructure feature, and the limited scalability. Lets get into the cost of this big step of business a telecommunication lines from the cheapest to most expensive as of the following.By these options we can go into slowly stepping up our connection of keeping costs low and increase our bandwidth based on requirement of our new system. This will allow us to reduce startup costs from the needed bandwidth upgrade instead of having a large TO line that will meet any demands but increase our costs dramatically. The only disadvantage of this type f setup is its limited New System Proposal Page 9 scalability due to its cost limitations at bonded TTL lines the cost is greater than that off fractional TO. So in the end you would simply be paying extra for the having multiple bonded TTL lines.The option to upgrade too fractional TO or even a full TO can be made at a later date when a more accurate demand calculation is attained after initial impl ementation and operation of the new system. To summarize a bandwidth required by the new system. During our initial launch and early operation we will have it built into the connection creating a newer network to eliminate a potential connection issues. This will give us a great idea to where we stand with the output of true bandwidth demand of the new system and can guide us into upgrading into a fractional or full TO at a later date if necessary.Now as we have talked and given you our proposal let us get into why we are going forth with accomplishing all of this work to benefit of the distance of learning. Also with our new system we will have the upped most newest system from file sharing to going ahead and making a system that can mostly do anything to help you with little down time for your employees. In the end this upgrade to your system will benefit all of your current factories, as it will essentially link them all together as one.The concept of having this new system throu gh a network is exciting to many companies. There are many benefits to having access. One great advantage to the Ordain site will be the elimination of travel expenses for the company instructors going all over the place to use page this system and show how it going to work and what's its going to accomplish. This will obviously be easier on the travel budget but will also allow for a greater output f productivity since all employees will be on hand at any given time through a cloud system service that will always be at an arms reach.Also making an easier application will improve business communication though out the whole the organization. As stated there will be an easier platform for how we work, what goes on, and making sure the company is running a lot smoothly after everything is set up. We are actually consider many other devices and newer technology and also the companies mobile phone as a cloud like service as a device to the offices overseas and other countries after every thing is set up and implemented.Computers are necessary for the cloud system service but however we are going to come up with newer and improved services as those like, POI systems and tablets can be implemented over time in the near future we have to do everything one at a time to see how it all work and goes. We will make integration a much simpler process when combining everything to the cloud system services to help mainstream, the new applications to upgrade everything in our path to make sure your company is going to have the best-integrated system that it can have for the 22nd century.As we look on for the future blessing of Ordain where corporate is a one and only concern. We have the ability for your employees to be able to log in and access many applications, data, files through remote access. It has been proven that learning is page 10 well and every more informational easy when it's retained through a newer system the option to have higher speed streaming to simply have everything that employee's data right there at a simply log in. Ordain will also receive many boosts in speeds with working with files on their website and other distant servers. Giving the thanks o the higher through put this will create.While some see the upload of files as a minor annoyance with more bandwidth speed and a better infrastructure there will also be a certain benefits of increased of speed. One will be the ability to access files and change them. Considering the fact that Ordain serves as a manufacturing company this could be an important flaw in the material or the finished product are noticed and the production of plastic goods can be shut down while the problem is solved. Here time truly is money. This asset will also help ensure your design has the o ahead on everything they need no matter what. Thank you for taking the time to listen to our proposal.We have covered many areas including, we were here to provide you with a reason why you need to upgrading your sys tem, the security of using a public or private clouding system. That's ethical to have its concerns and how it will help reduce down time. Upgrading your existing Ethernet lines to a TO connection, and the benefits of why you should upgrade to our cloud system services. One of the many benefits in the areas of your company you're your employees to have a accessible and there willing to being able to virtually innocent all of your companies to one vast infrastructure will probably be the easiest Page 1 1 improvements to give .Security should be a benefit is not overlooked. With companies relying on there so heavily there is a need to protect them at all costs. We have ensured that there are several layers of protection to keep the network running and data safe. Should any questions or concern come along while reading our proposal for your company to have a new an improved like system to have what you need to get the Job done no matter what. Please don't be shy and feel free to give a all, or give us a email.